{"id":2368,"date":"2026-01-13T14:33:19","date_gmt":"2026-01-13T14:33:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/enlevement-de-maduro-hyperinflation\/"},"modified":"2026-04-15T12:04:10","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T12:04:10","slug":"enlevement-de-maduro-hyperinflation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/fr\/enlevement-de-maduro-hyperinflation\/","title":{"rendered":"Enl\u00e8vement de Maduro : Hyperinflation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

L\u2019enl\u00e8vement de Maduro au Venezuela\u00a0: Comment l\u2019hyperinflation a d\u00e9truit l\u2019\u00c9tat<\/h2><\/div>\n\n

Les faits<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Le 4\u00a0janvier\u00a02026, les forces sp\u00e9ciales am\u00e9ricaines ont enlev\u00e9 le pr\u00e9sident v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien Nicol\u00e1s Maduro \u00e0 son domicile \u00e0 Caracas et l\u2019ont transf\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 New York pour y \u00eatre jug\u00e9. L\u2019op\u00e9ration militaire am\u00e9ricaine au Venezuela a fait au moins 100\u00a0morts. La sc\u00e8ne est surr\u00e9aliste\u00a0: un chef d\u2019\u00c9tat d\u2019une nation souveraine, menott\u00e9 dans une salle d\u2019audience am\u00e9ricaine, plaidant \u00ab\u00a0J\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 kidnapp\u00e9.\u00a0\u00bb <\/p>\n\n

Ce qui rend cet enl\u00e8vement possible, c\u2019est l\u2019effondrement complet du Venezuela. Et derri\u00e8re cet effondrement se cache un m\u00e9canisme pr\u00e9cis\u00a0: l\u2019hyperinflation. <\/p>\n\n

Voici ce qui s\u2019est pass\u00e9. Le Venezuela vivait du p\u00e9trole, \u00e0 95\u00a0% de ses revenus. Lorsque les prix du p\u00e9trole se sont effondr\u00e9s en 2014, l\u2019\u00c9tat s\u2019est retrouv\u00e9 \u00e0 court d\u2019argent. Plut\u00f4t que de r\u00e9duire les d\u00e9penses, le gouvernement de Maduro a choisi d\u2019imprimer de l\u2019argent pour continuer \u00e0 payer les fonctionnaires, les subventions et les importations. R\u00e9sultat\u00a0: trop d\u2019argent pour trop peu de biens. L\u2019inflation au Venezuela a explos\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n

En 2018, l\u2019hyperinflation a atteint 130\u00a0000\u00a0% par an. Concr\u00e8tement, ce qui co\u00fbtait 100\u00a0bolivars le lundi co\u00fbtait 200\u00a0bolivars le lundi suivant. Les salaires sont devenus sans valeur quelques heures apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 vers\u00e9s. Le pays a d\u00fb supprimer 14\u00a0z\u00e9ros de sa monnaie. <\/p>\n\n

Cette destruction mon\u00e9taire a tout emport\u00e9\u00a0: 8\u00a0millions de V\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9liens ont fui (sur 30\u00a0millions d\u2019habitants), des entreprises ont ferm\u00e9, les h\u00f4pitaux ont manqu\u00e9 de m\u00e9dicaments, l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 est devenue sporadique. L\u2019\u00c9tat v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien s\u2019est vid\u00e9. Un pays dot\u00e9 des plus grandes r\u00e9serves de p\u00e9trole au monde est devenu un \u00c9tat d\u00e9faillant. <\/p>\n\n

Ce vide a rendu l\u2019impensable possible\u00a0: une puissance \u00e9trang\u00e8re pouvait kidnapper un pr\u00e9sident sans craindre de s\u00e9rieuses repr\u00e9sailles. Un \u00c9tat sans monnaie cr\u00e9dible n\u2019a pas de ressources. Sans ressources, il n\u2019a pas d\u2019arm\u00e9e fonctionnelle. Sans arm\u00e9e fonctionnelle, il ne peut pas d\u00e9fendre sa souverainet\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n

L\u2019hyperinflation ne d\u00e9truit pas seulement le pouvoir d\u2019achat. Elle d\u00e9truit la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019un \u00c9tat \u00e0 exister. <\/p>\n\n

\n\n

Comment l\u2019impression de monnaie m\u00e8ne-t-elle \u00e0 l\u2019effondrement de l\u2019\u00c9tat\u00a0? Quels sont les m\u00e9canismes de l\u2019hyperinflation qui ont \u00e9galement d\u00e9truit l\u2019Allemagne en 1923 et le Zimbabwe en 2008\u00a0? <\/p>\n\n

L\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment fondamental \u00e0 comprendre :<\/strong> [Inflation : m\u00e9canismes, causes et cons\u00e9quences]<\/mark><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Venezuela poss\u00e9dait autrefois les plus grandes r\u00e9serves p\u00e9troli\u00e8res prouv\u00e9es au monde. En 2018, sa monnaie avait perdu 99,9 % de sa valeur, et un kilo de tomates co\u00fbtait plus qu’un salaire mensuel. Ce que l’effondrement du bolivar r\u00e9v\u00e8le sur les m\u00e9canismes \u2014 et les racines politiques \u2014 de l’hyperinflation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2367,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[45,63,55],"class_list":["post-2368","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-geopolitique-societe","tag-breves","tag-etats-unis","tag-inflation"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/maduro-abduction-venezuela-military-aircraft.png","uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/maduro-abduction-venezuela-military-aircraft.png",1456,816,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/maduro-abduction-venezuela-military-aircraft-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/maduro-abduction-venezuela-military-aircraft-300x168.png",300,168,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/maduro-abduction-venezuela-military-aircraft-768x430.png",768,430,true],"large":["https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/maduro-abduction-venezuela-military-aircraft-1024x574.png",1024,574,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/maduro-abduction-venezuela-military-aircraft.png",1456,816,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/maduro-abduction-venezuela-military-aircraft.png",1456,816,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Arnaud Cazan","author_link":"https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/fr\/author\/arnaud-cazan\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Le Venezuela poss\u00e9dait autrefois les plus grandes r\u00e9serves p\u00e9troli\u00e8res prouv\u00e9es au monde. En 2018, sa monnaie avait perdu 99,9 % de sa valeur, et un kilo de tomates co\u00fbtait plus qu'un salaire mensuel. Ce que l'effondrement du bolivar r\u00e9v\u00e8le sur les m\u00e9canismes \u2014 et les racines politiques \u2014 de l'hyperinflation.","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2368","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2368"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2368\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3065,"href":"https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2368\/revisions\/3065"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2367"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2368"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2368"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thefoundations.co\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2368"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}